2 Results Of Korean War
Korea was under the rule of the Japanese Empire between the year 1910 and the end of World War II. In 1945, the country was liberated by the Soviet Union from the Japanese rule as a result of the agreement with the United States. The Soviet Union settled in the North while the United States settled in the South of Korea. As a result of the Cold War between the Soviet Union and the United States, Korea was split into two with separate governments in 1949. However, both the government claimed to be the legitimate Korean government. The conflicts between these governments resulted in battles when North Korea moved into South Korea in 1950. The war marked series of wars that were to follow. To this far, no treaty has been signed and the two countries are technically still at war.
The TV show M.A.S.H was set during the Korean War. The situation today in Korea is similar to what it was 50+ years ago after the war. Little has changed. It is estimated that around 2.5 million people were killed or wounded during the war. Around 40,000 US soldiers died in the war. Effects of the Korean War? L/O – To identify the causes and consequences of the Korean War and evaluate its impact on the Cold War What was the Korean War?. The Korean War started on 25th June 1950 when over 90,000 North Korean soldiers launched an invasion of South Korea. It occurred during a time of debate over the. The US amnestied Japanese war criminals and told them to develop biological weapons for its use. It then used those weapons widely in the Korean War, but vehemently denied doing so, blaming any reports on “Communist propaganda” which it continues to this day. At the end of World War II, the Korean Peninsula was occupied in the North by the forces of the Soviet Union and in the South by the Americans, split at the 38th parallel. Ever since the two sides.
16. First Battle of Seoul
The First Battle of Seoul was part of an invasion of South Korea by North Korea at the start of the Korean War. The engagement resulted in the capturing of the South Korean capital by the North Korean forces. On June 25, 1950, supported by the Soviet Union and China, the North Korean troops using the blitzkrieg-style invasion crossed the 38th parallel. The South Korean troops could not counter the North Korean heavy artillery. During the fight, the bridge across the Han River was blown up by the South Korean troops killing hundreds of their soldiers and refugees. The North Korean troops were able to take over the capital within three days of the war.
15. Battle of the Imjin River
The Battle of the Imjin River was fought from April 22nd to April 25th in 1951. The Chinese troops attacked the United Nations (UN) base at the lower Imjin River to try and recapture Seoul. The United Nations territory where the battle took place was under the British forces supported by the Belgian battalion. The British forces managed to hold on to their position for three days despite the superiority of the Chinese troops. The ferocity of the battle caught the attention of the world because of the fate of the regiment. Battle of the Imjin River is significant in the history and tradition of the British Military.
14. Operation Ripper
Operation Ripper, also known as the Fourth Battle of Seoul, was intended to destroy the Chinese People’s Volunteers Army (PVA) and the North Korean Army around Seoul, Hongch’on, and Ch’unch’on. The operation was conceived by General Mathew Ridgway of the U.S. Eighth Army under the UN Military Operations. Operation Ripper was launched on March 6, 1951, and was preceded by the largest artillery bombardment in the history of the Korean War. The troops managed to liberate Seoul for the fourth and the last time on the night of March 14, 1951, while Hongch’on and Ch’unch’on were liberated on the March 15 and 22 respectively. However, the goal of destroying the PVA troops proved elusive as the troops would withdraw before suffering extensive damage.
13. Battle of Old Baldy
The Battle of Old Baldy was a series of five battles for control of Hill 266 occurring over a period of several months from 1952 into 1953. The battle is referred to as “Battle of Old Baldy” because of the trees on the crest that were destroyed artillery and the fire during the fight. The battle began on June 6, 1952, with several air strikes on the Chinese strong points. The UN troops managed to capture the outposts in a series of battle with the last battle fought from March 23rd to 26th of 1953. The Battle of Old Baldy proved costly to both sides with the UN troops losing 357 men while Chinese casualties were more than 1,000.
12. Battle of Hill Eerie
The Battle of Hill Eerie was fought between the UN troops and the Communist Forces in 1952 at the Hill Eerie. The outpost was taken several times by both sides. Hill Eerie was under the U.S. Army commanded by Captain Max Clark. The Battle of Hill Eerie was fought in three phases. The first round was fought in March when the U.S. troops set out to take the hill. However, they were overpowered by the Chinese Army withdrawing to the line of resistance. In May, the Philippine Battalion Combat team engaged the Chinese Army at Karhwagol resulting in high a number of Chinese casualties capturing the Hill Eerie. In June 1952, the Chinese launched another attack in an attempt to capture the hill but were resisted by the Filipino Army bringing an end to the Battle of Hill Eerie.
11. Battle of Heartbreak Ridge
The Battle of Heartbreak Ridge was fought for one month between September and October of 1951 in the hills of North Korea. The attack began on September 13, 1951, and progressed for two weeks with the American troops employing massive artillery barrage and airstrikes. The Americans halted the Heartbreak Ridge on September 27, 1951, to reconsider their strategy. The American Army began their final assault on the Chinese Army on October 11, 1951, and by October 15, 3,700 Americans and 25,000 Chinese Army were either killed or wounded with the American army capturing the terrain.
10. Operation Courageous
Operation Courageous was conducted by the U.S. Army to trap a large number of communist army troops between the Han and Imjin Rivers. The operation took place between 23rd and 28th March 1951, under the leadership of General Mathew Ridgway. Operation Courageous resulted in 136 Chinese casualties while 149 soldiers were captured. Operation Courageous was executed by 3,500 paratroopers and the armored elements of the U.S. 3rd and 24th Infantry divisions. The communist troops were forced to withdraw from the operation zone allowing the U.S. troops to pursue them.
9. Battle of Kapyong
The Battle of Kapyong was fought between the UN forces from Australia and Canada and the Chinese Communist Army. The 27th British Commonwealth Brigade established a blocking position on Kapyong Valley en-route to Seoul. The Chinese troops attacked the brigades under the cover of darkness assaulting the Australian army at Hill 504. Although outnumbered, the 27th brigade held their position with the Chinese turning their attention to the Canadian Army on Hill 677. The two forces joined to resist the Chinese Army with the Chinese withdrawing from the Valley.
8. Battle of Inchon
The Battle of Inchon resulted in both a victory and a change in strategy for the United Nations. The operation, which commenced on September 15, 1950, involved 75,000 troops led to the recapture of Seoul. Battle of Inchon was an amphibious invasion with the Inchon area being secured by the UN forces. The battle also ended series of victories by the Communist troops and also severed the supply line of the communist army.
7. Third Battle of Seoul
The Third Battle of Seoul took place from December of 1950 until January of 1951 around Seoul, South Korea. The Chinese army attacked the South Korean Army Infantry Division along the 38th parallel. The U.S. Eighth Army commanded by General Mathew Ridgway evacuated Seoul on January 3, 1951, to prevent the Chinese Army from overwhelming them. The Chinese Forces managed to capture Seoul at the end of the Third Battle of Seoul on January 7, 1951. However, the battle galvanized UN support for the South Korea. The Chinese troops were exhausted after the Third Battle of Seoul allowing the UN troops to gain initiatives in Korea.
6. Battle of the Hook
The Battle of the Hook took place between the 28th of May, 1953 and the 29th of May. It was fought between North Korean and Chinese forces against UN Forces who were backed by Britain and the United States. 'The Hook' refers to the shape of the ridge where the battle took place. It was a strategic spot that both sides wanted to capture. In the end, the UN Forces were able to keep their stronghold.
5. Second Battle of Seoul
The Second Battle of Seoul was significant in that it turned North Korean forces away from the city of Seoul, successfully re-capturing it for the United Nations side. As a result of the battle, the South Korean government executed citizens who they believed to have sympathized with the Communists.
4. Battle of Chosin Reservoir
The Battle of Chosin Reservoir was fought between November 27th and December 13th, 1950. It is notable for having been a surprising Chinese victory when they defeated the UN forces. The UN forces were forced to retreat from the Chinese border as a result of the battle. However, the battle also resulted in massive losses for the Chinese troops.
3. Battle of Bloody Ridge
The Battle of Bloody Ridge resulted from the UN trying to win what they believed to be important observation posts that were being used by the North. True to its name, the battle was particularly brutal and resulted in more than 10,000 casulaties in total on both sides.
2. Battle of Osan
The Battle of Osan was the first fight between the North forces and the South forces. The battle, which resulted in a victory for North Korea, was alarming to the United States who realized how unprepared they were.
1. Battle of Pakchon
The Battle of Pakchon happened early in the Korean War. Thought it resulted in a loss of life on both sides, it was ultimately a victory for the UN because the battle forced North Korean forces to retreat.
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Excerpt from Korea: The First War We Lost, by Bevin Alexander, pages 396-98
One important reason why morale in Eighth Army had improved so dramatically was that, starting around the first of the year [1951], the army inaugurated a new program of five-day Rest and Recuperation (R&R) leaves in Japan, for which the lowliest GI and the highest officer were eligible. The program got started slowly—at first only about two hundred men per division per week were able to go—but it quickly accelerated, and it soon became an extremely significant factor in the capacity of American and other UN soldiers and marines, as well as airmen and sailors, to endure the loneliness, exhaustion and danger of their assignments.
The transition of a war-weary soldier or marine from a foxhole in Korea to the dazzling lights of Tokyo or other Japanese cities was staggering. But the hope for R&R buoyed many a man whose morale otherwise would have sunk. GIs quickly dubbed the R&R leaves I&I (Intercourse and Intoxication), or, more vulgarly, A&A (Ass and Alcohol). There were, indeed, great opportunities for both in Japan. Clubs for officers, noncoms and enlisted men abounded in Japan, but the many excellent commercial nightclubs run by Japanese claimed the attention of most of the R&R men. These clubs offered superb Japanese beer, professional Japanese combos with female vocalists singing American pop tunes and generally a plethora of Japanese girls waiting to be picked up. Americans and other UN troops were overwhelmed by the often beautiful but always extremely polite and clean Japanese women. The Japanese ran official red-light districts, providing, in typical Japanese fashion, offerings for any taste—from raucous and bawdy to restrained and refined. Some men frequented these houses, but the greatest and most sought-after sources of feminine company were found right on the streets of the cities. Generally the Japanese girls and young women were not prostitutes in the traditional sense; rather they were working women who were attracted to the excitement and comparative high life that a man on R&R could offer. Almost without exception the Japanese women stood shyly on the streets, seldom calling or hustling, and responded to inquisitive glances or nods by Westerners with embarrassed giggles and polite responses in generally bad broken English. To the hollow-eyed young men from Korea, badly in need of solace, comfort and affection, these young Japanese women were apparitions come to life. There were a lot of American women in Japan: wives of officers and noncoms on duty in Japan or sent to Korea who remained in their excellent apartments and quarters in Japan, a few female military personnel and nurses, and many civilian women who held jobs in the U.S. occupation. These civilian women, universally called DACs (for Department of the Army civilians, whether they worked for the army or not), were by far the most visible American females in Japan. But despite nostalgic glances at long American legs by many a veteran from Korea, the DACs attracted little attention as compared to the Japanese women. Sometimes this was because DACs played American boy-girl games and acted coy when they encountered young men, and soldiers who had been through the ordeal of Korea often found themselves unable to readjust their thinking on short notice to this sort of play-acting. Another reason was that many young American women in Japan seemed surprisingly unaware of and unaffected by the agony going on in Korea. Because they spoke English, they conveyed this indifference or ignorance to men on R&R, for whom Korea by no means was a matter of indifference, though they seldom wanted to dwell on the subject. The Japanese girls may have had no more understanding of or interest in Chosen, as the Japanese called Korea, than the typical American DAC, but their English was generally limited. The extent of their discussion of the problems and policies of the Korean conflict was usually restricted to some statement such as, “You Chosen go?” accompanied by a look of great sympathy. This meant, ”Have you been, are you going, or are you going back to Korea? How sorry I am for you!” While American women were expected to understand the trauma of Korea, Japanese women were not; or they were given credit, whether deserved or not, for deeper insights which their poor English prevented them from expressing.
Whatever the other reasons, the principal reason why American women were not pursued more persistently was that the Japanese women answered every possible need of young men who wanted to get away from the reality of Korea and had little time in five days to explore lasting or deep relationships. The ready availability of modest, demure and extremely feminine young Japanese women seemed to them a heaven-sent gift. Strangely, however, the very muteness that the barrier of language placed between Westerner and Japanese often forced them into expressions of real feeling which a mutually intelligible language might have masked or prevented. However short they were, many of the encounters between GI or officer and Japanese girl-san left deep and lasting emotions on both sides. Although the reconciliation of the Japanese people with the American people began in the years of the occupation before the Korean War, it was the war itself, with its hundreds of thousands of young American men who briefly visited Japan and briefly encountered Japanese people in bars, clubs, hotels and on the streets, that slowly turned a World War II-spawned antagonism for the Japanese into an affection for the Japanese. It was a rare American who visited Japan, even on a five-day R&R, who came away with anything but admiration for the Japanese people.
2 Results Of Korean War Casualties
While the men in Korea joked about I&I or A&A, and many of them practiced both (and most of those who did not lied about it when they got back to their outfits, young men not wishing to be ridiculed by their peers), the fact is Rest and Recuperation leave was well-named. The majority of men from Korea with any sophistication at all immediately abandoned the spartan quarters provided for them on military bases and removed themselves to small Japanese inns. At the inn the young man was met by a solicitous, bowing proprietor (usually a mature female and always called Mama-san), who directed him to remove his shoes at the door and led him to a scrupulously clean and neat room with tatami mats on the floor and spotless bedroll likewise spread on the floor. Subsequently the Westerner was directed to the rear of the inn where a traditional Japanese bath was installed: that is, a hot tub which was used exclusively for soaking, the washing and rinsing having to be done in advance with a tiny wash basin, soap and rag. The effect of this cleanliness and this peace on the mind and body of a young soldier or marine after months of dirt and weariness in foxholes was likely to be devastating. Despite all the talk (and some action) regarding wine, women and song, the most lasting and happy memories that most men carried back from their R&Rs were remembrances of being clean and of being able to lie down in peaceful sleep untroubled by mortars or wet or cold. Few veterans of Korea would ever admit it among their associates, but a great many of them slept away great portions of their R&Rs.
